Clement Charles

Soory for this. Be assured I still love you. C U soon.

I am sure you will enjoy.

If you want more infos about Linus, here some good bits of his Wikipedia page, or you can also check the History of Linux on Wikipedia. Quotes and links should still be working.

Biography

Early years

Torvalds was born in Helsinki, Finland. He is the son of journalists Anna and Nils Torvalds,and the grandson of poet Ole Torvalds. Both of his parents were campus radicals at the University of Helsinki in the 1960s. His family belongs to the Swedish-speaking minority (5.5% of Finland’s population). Torvalds was named after Linus Pauling, the Nobel Prize–winning American chemist, although in the book Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution, Torvalds is quoted as saying, “I think I was named equally for Linus the Peanuts cartoon character”, noting that this makes him half “Nobel-prize-winning chemist” and half “blanket-carrying cartoon character”.

Torvalds attended the University of Helsinki between 1988 and 1996, graduating with a master’s degree in computer science from NODES research group.^[10] His academic career was interrupted after his first year of study when he joined the Finnish Army, selecting the 11-month officer training program to fulfill the mandatory military service of Finland. In the army he held the rank of second lieutenant, with the role of a ballistic calculation officer.^[11] In 1990, he resumed his university studies, and was exposed to UNIX for the first time, in the form of a DEC MicroVAXrunning ULTRIX.^[12] His M.Sc. thesis was titled Linux: A Portable Operating System.

His interest in computers began with a Commodore VIC-20. After the VIC-20 he purchased a Sinclair QL, which he modified extensively, especially its operating system. He programmed an assembly language and a text editor for the QL, as well as a few games.He is known to have written a Pac-Man clone named Cool Man. On January 5, 1991 he purchased an Intel 80386-based IBM PC before receiving his MINIX copy, which in turn enabled him to begin work on Linux. The first prototypes of Linux was publicly released later that year. Version 1.0 was released on 14 March 1994.^[20]Later years[edit]

After a visit to Transmeta in late 1996,^[4] Torvalds accepted a position at the company in California, where he would work from February 1997 until June 2003. He then moved to the Open Source Development Labs, which has since merged with the Free Standards Group to become the Linux Foundation, under whose auspices he continues to work. In June 2004, Torvalds and his family moved to Dunthorpe, Oregon,^[21] to be closer to the OSDL’s Beaverton, Oregon–based headquarters.

From 1997 to 1999 he was involved in 86open helping to choose the standard binary format for Linux and Unix. In 1999 he was named by the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the world’s top 100 innovators under age 35.^[22]

In 1999 Red Hat and VA Linux, both leading developers of Linux-based software, presented Torvalds with stock options in gratitude for his creation.^[23] That same year both companies went public and Torvalds’ share value temporarily shot up to roughly $20 million.^[24][25]

His personal mascot is a penguin nicknamed Tux,^[26] which has been widely adopted by the Linux community as the mascot of the Linux kernel.^[27]

Although Torvalds believes “open source is the only right way to do software”, he also has said that he uses the “best tool for the job”, even if that includes proprietary software.^[28] He was criticized for his use and alleged advocacy of the proprietary BitKeeper software for version control in the Linux kernel. Torvalds subsequently wrote a free-software replacement for BitKeeper called Git.

In 2008 Torvalds stated that he used the Fedora distribution of Linux because it had fairly good support for the PowerPC processor architecture, which he had favoured at the time.^[29] His usage of Fedora was confirmed in a later 2012 interview.^[30]

Currently, the Linux Foundation sponsors Torvalds so he can work full-time on improving Linux.^[31]

Recognition

IEEE Computer Pioneer Awar

On 23 April 2014, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers named Torvalds as the 2014 recipient of the IEEE Computer Society’s Computer Pioneer Award. The Computer Pioneer Award was established in 1981 by the IEEE Computer Society Board of Governors to recognize and honor the vision of those whose efforts resulted in the creation and continued vitality of the computer industry. The award is presented to outstanding individuals whose main contribution to the concepts and development of the computer field was made at least 15 years earlier.^[41]

Internet Hall of Fame

On April 23, 2012 at Internet Society‘s Global INET conference in Geneva, Switzerland, Torvalds was one of the inaugural inductees into the Internet Hall of Fame, one of ten in the Innovators category and thirty-three overall inductees.^[42]

Millennium Technology Prize

On April 20, 2012, Torvalds was declared one of two winners of that year’s Millennium Technology Prize,^[43] along with Shinya Yamanaka.^[44] The honor is widely described as technology’s equivalent of the Nobel Prize.

Academics[e

In 1997, Torvalds received his Master degree (Laudatur Grade) from the Department of Computer Science at the University of Helsinki. Two years later he received honorary doctor status at Stockholm University, and in 2000 he received the same honor from his alma mater.^[45] University of Helsinki has named an auditorium after Torvalds and his computer is on display at the Department of Computer Science.

In August 2005, Torvalds received the Vollum Award from Reed College.

Industry

In 1998 Torvalds received an EFF Pioneer Award.^[47] In 2000 he was awarded the Lovelace Medal from the British Computer Society.^[48] In 2001, he shared the Takeda Award for Social/Economic Well-Being with Richard Stallman and Ken Sakamura. In 2008, he was inducted into the Hall of Fellows of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California.^[49][50] He was awarded the C&C Prize by the NEC Corporation in 2010 for “contributions to the advancement of the information technology industry, education, research, and the improvement of our lives”.^[51]

Media

Time magazine has recognized Torvalds multiple times:

• In 2000, he was 17th in their Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century Poll.^[52]
• In 2004, he was named one of the most influential people in the world.^[53]
• In 2006, the magazine’s Europe edition named him one of the revolutionary heroes of the past 60 years.^[23]

InfoWorld presented him with the 2000 Award for Industry Achievement.^[54] In 2005 Torvalds appeared as one of “the best managers” in a survey by BusinessWeek.^[55] In 2006, Business 2.0 magazine named him one of “10 people who don’t matter” because the growth of Linux has shrunk Torvalds’ individual impact.^[56]

In summer 2004, viewers of YLE (the Finnish Broadcasting Company) placed Torvalds 16th in the network’s 100 Greatest Finns. In 2010, as part of a series called The Britannica Guide to the World’s Most Influential People, Torvalds was listed among The 100 Most Influential Inventors of All Time (ISBN 9781615300037).^[57]

Space

In 1996, the asteroid 9793 Torvalds was named after him. In 2003, the naming of an asteroid moon (Linus) was motivated in part by the fact that the discoverer was an enthusiastic Linux user.

Patents[edit]

As of March 2011, Torvalds has been granted 35 patents worldwide (application and granted patents).^[58]

Desktop environment criticism[edit]

In 2005, on the official GNOME developmental mailing lists, Torvalds encouraged users to switch to K Desktop Environment 3 rather than use GNOME.^[59][60] However, Torvalds thought KDE Plasma Desktop 4.0 was a “disaster” because of its lack of maturity, and so he had switched to GNOME by 2009.^[61] Dissatisfied with his perceived loss of productivity, he switched to Xfce after the GNOME 3 release, making another harsh post against GNOME.^[62] After improved KDE versions were made, he switched back to KDE Plasma Desktop 4^[63] but soon switched back to GNOME 3 stating that “it has been getting less painful”^[64] with Frippery and gnome-tweak-tool which he suggested to be merged into GNOME.^[65]

Possible NSA approach[edit]

In September 2013, Torvalds was asked at the LinuxCon conference whether he had been approached by a US government agency to add backdoors into Linux; he responded with a verbal “no” while nodding his head “yes”.^[66] He later confirmed that it was obviously a joke.^[67] However, Linus’ father Nils states:

When my oldest son [Linus Torvalds] was asked the same question: “Has he been approached by the NSA about backdoors?” he said “No”, but at the same time he nodded. Then he was sort of in the legal free. He had given the right answer, [but] everybody understood that the NSA had approached him.

—Nils Torvalds, LIBE Committee Inquiry on Electronic Mass Surveillance of EU Citizens – 11th Hearing, 11 November 2013^[68]

 

A articles with impressive slides shows on CNN website. Enjoy.

I personally selected for Dirt Vader  ; )

QS & Digital Immortality

I have been thinking to the type of pres I could share with the audience at the conference in Holland. Surely, I have done a lot of QS experiences and keep doing new ones ; but, being a frequent watcher of the videos of other QS Show & Tell, I know that I lack the intense discipline that enable most trackers to get real change going on.

In that sense, I wanted to propose a more “general” presentation, that could also be exciting for the audience. Maybe even more, as more general and futuristic. Indeed, Quantified Self by many will lead to quantified societies and this what I’d like to speak about. It could have the format of Show & Tell but the topic would be slightly broader.

In a Show & Tell format

– What did I do ? I have been a journalist and successful new media entrepreneur for the past 14 years, based on my success on implementing vision (too) early. I discovered QS 3 years ago via historical interest I had in the Internet of Things and eHealth. Fell in love with the movement: its ingenuity, its “nothing is impossible” attitude”, its futuristic take on the fact that tomorrow will be different than today.

– How did you it ? I discovered that I’ve been a self-trackers nearly for ever. I bought / installed / created hard and software tools. I created QS Geneva to meet other trackers. I used QS to learn about me, but even more, to apprehend the consequences of the quantified society for the field of health, work, family and life.

– What did I learned ? I learned that QS may connect the dots between a personal philosophies, increased shared social benefit, personal improvement and geek gadgets. In Europe, it may lead to smarter prevention pattern and lower welfare cost of social health (thus ensuring, it’s survival). In 5 to 10 years perspective, I now think, that enriched with exhaustive ememory and life-long cognitive information gathering, it will lead our species to serious option of creating electronic personalities to ensure immortal.

Soon. Or sooner .

Did you just read immortal ? Yes, you did . But don’t be scared, I am not speaking about Scotts with swords or teenage vampires ; ) I am neither a new age freak, nor a techno prophet and even less of a militant “one way only” transhumanist. As an entrepreneur or academics, I have spent the past 15 years in compiling up what going’s on today to draft what’s coming up tomorrow morning. I’ve been often right, regularly wrong. On this, I am really confident that the path is there, the question is when and how it may be followed.

In a panel about data ownership ITU World in Dubai last Oct where I was invited, I roughly spoke about it, and surprisingly, had a great interest in the crowd composed of regulators and big telcos. Here in Amsterdam, my wish to meet to tons of great exciting people, and contribute to enhance the meaning of all those efforts by increasing the sense of community of the audience with very fragmented QS practices.

Hope to see you there !

As online seems to be the future of everthing, it still takes some time to find something great when you type “online editors photo effects” on the big G. First links leads to apps to download for laptop or portable devices.

I then found http://befunky.com/ which works well and offer a large panel of effect. If you have issues getting your modified flies out, makes a screen shot  ;   )

This is the place where I will share my visions and ideas, my wishes and rants. I will write as professional of the media industry, but also as a citizen of the world, a voter in Switzerland and France, a convinced humanist. All your comments are welcome. Feel free to engage the conversation here or on other social medias. Looking forward to engage !

Les adjectifs qualité, rigueur, fiabilité, neutralité s’associent souvent à la confédération helvétique, ses produits ou ses habitants. Heureux hasard, les valeurs fondamentales de la déontologie journalistique et des médias sont identiques, et  s’appliquent de plus en plus à toute la chaîne de valeur.

Dans une vision à moyen et long terme, la Suisse pourrait miser sur ces avantages pour développer la place informationnelle suisse  dans la lignée du développement de notre place financière au XIX-XXème siècle. Encore analysé avec un angle territoriale, voire linguistique, le terrain de jeux des médias d’aujourd’hui et de demain est la planète entière, le même que celui de toutes les autres “commodités mondialisées”.

L’information journalistique, dont la qualité et la pertinence est garantie par le respect de règles morales communes à toute une profession, devient toujours plus importante pour tous les secteurs de la société et imposte progressivement ses principes déontologiques à toute la chaîne de valeur, du stockage à la diffusion, et toute formes d’informations, de la données statistiques au contenus de fictions.

En croissance perpétuelle, ce nouveau marché informationnel “régulé” induira des immenses besoins, où les principaux critères de pertinence des offres seront autant physiques (position stratégique, permanence de l’alimentation électrique), qu’en terme de sécurité (autoriser les accès uniquement aux ayants droit tout en permettant diverses formes d’anonymat) ou de neutralité (confidentialité, garantie la permanence de la prestation, quelques soit les aléas de toutes natures); autant de domaines où la Suisse peut faire la différence avec ses caractéristiques physiques (bunker, hydroélectricité) et politiques (neutralité, stabilité). En effet, avec ses atouts historiques, son personnel qualifié, sa population multilingue/multiculturelle, ses infrastructures à très haut débit, la Suisse pourrait devenir le centre de  la future Europe informationnelle.

En ces temps troublés par la crise et l’arrivée fracassante de la troisième révolution industrielle, nos secteurs tertiaires traditionnels peinent à trouver une réponse économique et morale satisfaisante. Doit-on réellement baser notre prospérité future sur la confiscation de revenus fiscaux d’autres nations, sur l’export d’armes de guerre ou la spéculation sur les matières premières qui nourrissent l’humanité? Est-ce ces leviers de croissance du XXème siècle renforcent notre position comme leader du multilatéralisme, de l’accueil des organisations internationales en terrain neutre ou de l’export de nos progrès intellectuels sous formes de brevets, machines et autres savoir faires? Alors que la réponse paraît moralement évidente, la crainte économique empêche de finaliser la réflexion, de mettre en cohérence la présence sur notre territoire de l’ONU ou de l’OMS avec nos revenus en lien directe avec la persistance des problèmes que ces organisations traitent.

La Suisse, nation physique et idée politique, a les moyens de lier le développement continu de sa prospérité avec l’assurance que celle ci n’appauvrit personne. Pour le monde. Mais aussi pour garantir son propre avenir. Si il n’est pas le dernier siècle de l’histoire, le XXIème siècle fonctionnera dans une perspective plus transparente et plus partagée, en phase avec l’évolution latérale de l’économie distribuée. Dans ce sens, toutes les pistes de croissances économiques non-destructrices doivent être étudiées. Et, les premiers arrivés seront les premiers servis.

Parmi les futurs possibles à venir, une place informationnelle Suisse qui valide la déontologie des données et les conserves pour des millénaires de manière sécurisée dans nos bunkers physiques, légaux et informationnels, valorise et étend les compétences helvétiques historiques tout en les intégrant dans un cadre – fréquent pour le journaliste – mais assez nouveau pour l’industrie d’exportation, la déontologie.

Cet article est paru dans ComIN Magazine, le magazine Suisse des professionnels de la communication et des médias, et sur MediaPart.

In a world where the economy of rights is always more digital and dematerialized, the question of the setting of the price, and the right one, becomes central. Indeed, with the ease of access and usage of a service, the price is definitely the other key element of the purchase decision, of the choice between legal acquisition and alternative ways to obtain content.

In most of the economic activities, the definition of the price combines art and science. If the scientific part evaluates the costs and the margin objectives, based on data, the artistic part is based on experience, knowledge of real practice of a market and the psychology of his actors, taking into account the payment capacity of each group of clients, his particular price sensibility and his level of need of the product in question.

Perfect for markets or flea market, adequate to sale cars or real estate, those techniques are not sufficient any more in a digital world of immaterial rights and digital contents. New ways of organizing exchange are necessary for this exchange to last.

The example of iTunes Music Store shows that a good product, easy to use, with the right price, meets the public success, allowing creator to create and consumers to consume legally and without having the impression to overpay.

In the case of content, whether it is targeted to media or final consumers, price should be calculated according to a mix of qualitative and quantitative criteria.

The quantitative criteria are link to the content (size or duration of the content, the level of exclusivity), the nature of the buyer (geographical positioning, level of audience) and to the planned usage of the right (volume, nature of usage). The qualitative criteria are a lot harder to establish in a automated manner, taking into account for example the originality of a content or a credibility of a producer.

In the world of the press, of media and culture, an important part of the challenge of the digital revolution consists in finding the right price for each usage to identify the price that the final consumer or the professional is ready and can pay to acquire an immaterial right.

By pushing this logic in a complete manner, the immaterial product should have a different price for each buyer, adapted for each usage. And thus optimize our chances to be able to provide to all a legal proposition, being the only realistic alternative to illegal usage of rights.